Which treatment is specifically used for alcohol overdose?

Fomepizole is specifically used for alcohol overdose because it acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. This enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of alcohol to acetaldehyde, which is the toxic metabolite associated with alcohol poisoning. By blocking this enzyme, fomepizole effectively slows down the metabolism of ethanol, thereby reducing the accumulation of toxic metabolites and giving the patient more time to be treated and recover. It is particularly used in cases of methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning as well, where similar metabolic pathways are involved.

Other treatments listed, such as disulfiram, naltrexone, and acetylcysteine, serve different purposes in clinical practice. Disulfiram is used for alcohol dependence, as it creates an unpleasant reaction when alcohol is consumed, thus discouraging drinking. Naltrexone is also used for alcohol use disorder to reduce cravings and the rewarding effects of alcohol. Acetylcysteine is an antidote for acetaminophen overdose, helping to replenish glutathione and protect the liver. Each of these medications has a distinct role and is not aimed specifically at managing alcohol overdose.