Which of the following side effects is most commonly associated with long-term antipsychotic use?

Long-term use of antipsychotic medications is associated with a variety of side effects, and the correct choice indicates that all listed effects—hyperlipidemia, weight gain, and anticholinergic effects—are indeed commonly observed.

Hyperlipidemia can arise due to metabolic changes linked to certain antipsychotics, particularly second-generation agents, leading to elevated levels of lipids in the blood. Weight gain is a well-documented side effect, especially with atypical antipsychotics, which can significantly impact a patient's overall health and quality of life. Anticholinergic effects, such as dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, and blurred vision, are also a concern, particularly with first-generation antipsychotics.

Given the multifaceted nature of these medications and their influence on both metabolic and neurological pathways, it’s not unusual for patients on long-term therapy to experience a combination of these side effects. Therefore, recognizing that all these issues can arise collectively highlights the complex management required for individuals on antipsychotic treatment.