Which of the following is an effect of anxiety on the body that beta-blockers can mitigate?

Beta-blockers are primarily used to manage conditions related to the cardiovascular system, but they also have effects that can be beneficial for individuals experiencing anxiety. One of the key effects of anxiety on the body is a rapid heartbeat, also known as tachycardia. When a person is anxious, their body goes into a heightened state of arousal, activating the sympathetic nervous system, which increases heart rate as part of the 'fight or flight' response.

Beta-blockers work by blocking the action of certain neurotransmitters, specifically norepinephrine and epinephrine, at beta-adrenergic receptors. By doing so, they effectively reduce heart rate and the force of heart contractions, which can help to alleviate the physical symptoms of anxiety, including a racing heart. This can provide significant relief for individuals who experience anxiety-related palpitations and help them to feel calmer.

The other options listed do not directly relate to the effects that beta-blockers are designed to mitigate during anxiety attacks. Increased appetite, excessive sleepiness, and headaches are not primary physiological changes that beta-blockers influence. While anxiety can cause disturbances like headaches or changes in appetite, they are not the hallmark symptoms that beta-blockers are utilized to address in the context of anxiety, making