Which neurotransmitter's dysregulation is most commonly associated with depression?

The neurotransmitter most commonly associated with depression is serotonin. Research has established a strong link between serotonin levels in the brain and mood regulation. Individuals suffering from depression often exhibit reduced levels of serotonin, which can lead to symptoms such as low mood, lack of interest in activities, and overall emotional distress.

Pharmacological treatments for depression, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are designed to increase serotonin availability in the synaptic cleft, thereby enhancing mood and alleviating depressive symptoms. The focus on serotonin stems from its widespread role in regulating mood, anxiety, sleep, and appetite, making it a central target for understanding and treating depression.

While neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine also play roles in mood and behavioral regulation, serotonin remains the primary neurotransmitter implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and the most common target for depression treatments. Acetylcholine, though important for various functions, is less directly related to mood disorders compared to the other neurotransmitters mentioned.