Which class of drugs is commonly used as mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder?

The class of drugs commonly used as mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder includes lithium and certain anticonvulsants. Lithium has been a cornerstone in the treatment of bipolar disorder for decades, effectively reducing the frequency and severity of manic and depressive episodes. It works by modulating neurotransmitter release and has neuroprotective effects, which help stabilize mood.

Anticonvulsants, such as valproate and lamotrigine, have also been found effective in mood stabilization. These medications help by altering the balance of neurotransmitters and reducing the excitability of neurons, contributing to mood regulation.

In contrast, antidepressants are primarily used for treating major depressive episodes and are not first-line treatments for bipolar disorder as they may trigger manic episodes when used alone. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are generally utilized for pain relief and do not play a significant role in mood stabilization. Benzodiazepines, while useful for short-term management of anxiety and agitation, are not mood stabilizers and can lead to dependence if used long-term. Thus, lithium and certain anticonvulsants are the best choice for effectively managing mood in individuals with bipolar disorder.