Which anticonvulsant drug is often used for absence seizures?

Ethosuximide is the first-line treatment for absence seizures, which are characterized by brief, non-convulsive episodes of impaired awareness. This drug specifically targets the T-type calcium channels that are pivotal in generating the abnormal electrical activity associated with absence seizures. By inhibiting these channels, ethosuximide reduces the frequency and severity of the seizures.

It is important to note that other anticonvulsants listed have different mechanisms and are typically indicated for other types of seizures. For instance, carbamazepine is more effective for tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures rather than absence seizures, while phenobarbital can be used for a variety of seizure types but is not the preferred choice for absence seizures due to its sedative effects and side effect profile. Felbamate is generally reserved for refractory seizures and is not a primary treatment for absence seizures. This makes ethosuximide the most suitable option for managing this specific seizure type.