What side effect is associated with long-term use of phenytoin?

Gingival hyperplasia is a well-documented side effect associated with long-term use of phenytoin, which is an anticonvulsant medication primarily used to manage seizures. This condition entails the overgrowth of gum tissue, leading to swelling and sometimes making oral hygiene more difficult. The exact mechanism by which phenytoin induces gingival hyperplasia is not entirely understood, but it is thought to involve the medication’s effects on fibroblast activity in the gum tissues, leading to excessive collagen production.

Long-term management with phenytoin requires close monitoring of dental health, and patients are often advised to maintain good oral hygiene practices to mitigate this particular side effect. Regular dental check-ups are also recommended for early detection and management of gingival issues.

The other potential side effects, such as diarrhea, weight gain, and cardiac arrhythmias, are not the hallmark of phenytoin therapy and may occur less frequently or be associated with different medications rather than long-term phenytoin use.