What is the mechanism of action for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) function by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic cell. This mechanism increases the levels of serotonin available in the synaptic cleft, enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission. By preventing the reabsorption of serotonin, SSRIs promote prolonged stimulation of postsynaptic serotonin receptors, which is believed to contribute to their antidepressant effects.

SSRIs are commonly prescribed for various conditions, including major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders, taking advantage of the role serotonin plays in mood regulation. The focused action of SSRIs on serotonin specifically distinguishes them from other classes of antidepressants and contributes to their profile of effects and side effects. This selective reuptake inhibition is a critical factor that underpins both their therapeutic benefits and potential side effects related to serotonergic activity.