What is the first-line treatment for major depressive disorder?

The first-line treatment for major depressive disorder is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs are preferred due to their efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms while generally having a more favorable side effect profile compared to other classes of antidepressants. They work by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, which helps improve mood and emotional balance.

SSRIs are typically recommended as the initial pharmacological intervention because they are well-tolerated and carry a lower risk of overdose compared to tricyclic antidepressants, which are more potent but can produce significant side effects and complications. Additionally, SSRIs are not associated with the potential dependence issues that can occur with benzodiazepines, which primarily serve as anxiolytics rather than direct treatments for depression. Atypical antipsychotics can be used in certain cases or as adjunct therapy but are not considered first-line monotherapy for major depressive disorder.

Overall, the choice of SSRIs reflects their established role as effective and safe medications for managing major depressive disorder in most patients.