What is a common side effect of benzodiazepines due to their action on GABA(A) receptors?

Benzodiazepines primarily function by enhancing the action of GABA at GABA(A) receptors, leading to increased inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. This inhibition can result in sedation and relaxation, but it also comes with the risk of cognitive impairment.

Cognitive functions can include memory, attention, and overall mental processing. When benzodiazepines are used, especially over extended periods or at higher doses, they can interfere with these cognitive abilities. Users may experience difficulties in concentrating, memory lapses, or slowed mental processing. This cognitive impairment is a well-documented side effect of benzodiazepine use, particularly in older adults, emphasizing the importance of careful prescribing and monitoring when these medications are used.

In contrast, the other choices present effects that are not associated with benzodiazepines. Increased energy and enhanced learning capacity would not be expected outcomes as these substances typically promote sedation and can impair learning due to dulled cognitive functions. Heightened anxiety may occur during withdrawal from benzodiazepines rather than as a direct effect of their use, making these alternatives less relevant in the context of their pharmacological action.