What is a common adverse effect of lithium therapy?

Lithium therapy is commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, but it is important to be aware of its potential adverse effects. One significant concern associated with lithium is its impact on thyroid function and renal health.

Lithium can lead to thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, as it may disrupt the normal regulation of thyroid hormone levels. It can inhibit the release of thyroid hormones and affect iodine uptake, which is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Regular monitoring of thyroid function is advised for patients on lithium to catch any dysfunction early.

In addition, lithium is known to cause renal impairment in some patients. It is primarily excreted through the kidneys, and prolonged use can impact kidney function, potentially leading to conditions such as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, where the kidneys cannot concentrate urine properly, resulting in polyuria and polydipsia.

These concerns highlight the importance of routine monitoring of thyroid and renal function in patients undergoing lithium therapy. While weight gain can also occur with lithium treatment, thyroid dysfunction and renal impairment are more critically associated with its pharmacological profile, making them noteworthy adverse effects that require careful management and monitoring.