What effect does GABA receptor activity have in the brain?

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and its activity at GABA receptors leads to calming effects on neuronal activity. When GABA binds to its receptors, it typically results in the opening of chloride channels, allowing chloride ions to flow into the neuron. This influx of negatively charged ions hyperpolarizes the neuronal membrane, making it less likely to fire an action potential. Consequently, GABA receptor activity serves to inhibit neuronal firing and reduce overall excitability within the central nervous system. This is why substances that enhance GABA receptor function, such as benzodiazepines, are often used to treat conditions associated with excessive neuronal activity, such as anxiety and seizures.