What effect do stimulants have on the central nervous system?

Stimulants are substances that increase activity within the central nervous system (CNS), leading to a range of effects that commonly include heightened alertness and improved concentration. These drugs typically increase levels of specific neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, which are involved in mood and attention regulation.

By enhancing alertness, stimulants can help individuals feel more awake and focused, making them useful for treating conditions such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. The increase in cognitive function and the ability to maintain sustained attention are characteristic responses to stimulant use, which distinguishes them from depressants and other classes of drugs that do not primarily enhance CNS activity in a similar manner.