What adverse effect is associated with long-term use of benzodiazepines?

Long-term use of benzodiazepines is primarily associated with the development of dependence or tolerance. These medications, which are commonly prescribed for anxiety, insomnia, and other conditions, can lead to physiological changes in the brain that adapt to the presence of the drug. Over time, the body may require higher doses of the drug to achieve the same therapeutic effect, due to tolerance. This means that the initial dose of the medication becomes less effective, prompting some individuals to increase their intake.

Additionally, as the body becomes accustomed to the regular use of benzodiazepines, discontinuing the medication can lead to withdrawal symptoms, reinforcing the cycle of dependence. Therefore, dependence and tolerance are significant concerns for patients on long-term benzodiazepine therapy and highlight the necessity for careful management and monitoring when these medications are prescribed.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent the associated risks of benzodiazepine use. Increased cognitive function and energy levels, as well as improved mood stability, are not typical effects of long-term benzodiazepine treatment; in fact, cognitive impairment and sedation are more commonly observed.